How Does The Brains Reward System Change During Recovery
This page explains the brain’s reward system, and what a practical next step can look like in Reno. The brain’s reward system is a network of structures that motivate us to repeat behaviors that are pleasurable or essential for survival.
Krista stared at the half-finished cup of coffee, the steam long gone. Three days. Three days since her last drink, and the quiet felt…wrong. It wasn’t the craving that was the worst, it was the emptiness, the lack of that familiar surge of comfort. She’d promised her sister she’d try again, but the old habits whispered, and the uncertainty felt overwhelming.
COUNSELOR NOTE — RENO TREATMENT & RECOVERY
I’m Chad Kirkland, a Licensed CADC serving Reno, Nevada. I’ve spent 5+ years working with individuals and families affected by substance use and co-occurring concerns. Certified Alcohol and Drug Counselor Supervisor (CADC-S), Nevada License #06847-C Supervisor of Alcohol and Drug Counselor Interns, Nevada License #08159-S Nevada State Board of Examiners for Alcohol, Drug and Gambling Counselors.
Reno Treatment & Recovery provides outpatient counseling and substance use–related services for adults seeking support, assessment, and practical recovery guidance. Care is grounded in clinical ethics, evidence-informed counseling approaches, and privacy protections that respect the dignity of each person seeking help.
This is general information; specific needs and safety concerns should be discussed with a qualified professional.
What is the brain’s reward system?
The brain’s reward system is a network of structures that motivate us to repeat behaviors that are pleasurable or essential for survival. It’s centered around dopamine, a neurotransmitter released when we experience something good – like eating a delicious meal, spending time with loved ones, or achieving a goal. This dopamine surge reinforces the behavior, making us want to do it again. Think of it like a learning system that helps us prioritize activities that benefit us.
How does substance use affect the reward system?
Substances of use often cause a much larger and faster release of dopamine than natural rewards. Over time, the brain adapts to this artificial surge by reducing its sensitivity to dopamine. This means that the person needs to use more of the substance to achieve the same effect – this is known as tolerance. Eventually, natural rewards become less pleasurable, and the substance becomes the primary source of dopamine, leading to compulsive use. This is why quitting can be so difficult; the brain is struggling to readjust to finding pleasure in everyday life.
What does this look like in real life?
Imagine someone who regularly enjoys a hobby like painting. They experience pleasure and satisfaction from creating art, which releases dopamine. Now, if they start using a substance that provides a much stronger dopamine rush, they might gradually lose interest in painting. The painting no longer feels as rewarding, and they may start to prioritize the substance instead. When they try to stop using, they may find it hard to enjoy anything, even the things they once loved. This isn’t a sign of weakness, but a result of the brain’s adaptation to the substance.
How can counseling or support help with reward system changes?
Counseling can help individuals rebuild their reward system by identifying and engaging in healthy, dopamine-producing activities. Motivational Interviewing can be particularly helpful in exploring ambivalence about change and strengthening intrinsic motivation. We can also help develop coping skills to manage cravings and navigate difficult emotions. In Reno, we often work with clients to identify alternative sources of pleasure and create a balanced lifestyle. We can explain options and coordinate referrals, and we’ll recommend medical evaluation when withdrawal or medical risk may be present.
What is the role of the Stages of Change?
The Stages of Change model, also known as the Transtheoretical Model, describes the process of intentional behavior change. It suggests that people move through five stages: precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance. Understanding where someone is in this process can help tailor support and interventions. For example, someone in the precontemplation stage may need education about the risks of substance use, while someone in the action stage may need support with coping skills.
What about medications and the brain?
Medications can sometimes be helpful in restoring balance to the brain’s reward system during recovery. These medications can help reduce cravings, manage withdrawal symptoms, or address co-occurring mental health conditions. It’s important to discuss medication options with a qualified medical professional. Do not include sensitive medical or legal details in web forms. Confidentiality is a priority, and we adhere to HIPAA and 42 CFR Part 2 regulations to protect your privacy.
What are some healthy ways to boost dopamine naturally?
Many people I work with describe feeling disconnected from joy after prolonged substance use. Here are some ways to naturally increase dopamine levels:
- Exercise: Physical activity releases dopamine and endorphins, improving mood and reducing stress.
- Mindfulness and Meditation: Practicing mindfulness can increase dopamine levels and promote a sense of calm.
- Healthy Diet: Eating a balanced diet rich in protein and antioxidants can support dopamine production.
- Spending Time in Nature: Exposure to sunlight and fresh air can boost dopamine levels and improve overall well-being.
- Creative Activities: Engaging in hobbies and creative pursuits can stimulate dopamine release and provide a sense of accomplishment.
What is the difference between liking and wanting?
The brain has separate systems for “liking” and “wanting.” Substances of use can hijack the “wanting” system, leading to compulsive drug-seeking behavior even when the person no longer experiences much “liking.” Counseling can help individuals reconnect with their “liking” system and find pleasure in natural rewards.
How long does it take for the brain to recover?
The brain’s recovery process is unique to each individual and depends on factors such as the type of substance used, the length of use, and individual genetics. It can take weeks, months, or even years for the brain to fully readjust. Patience and self-compassion are essential during this process.
What role does social support play in brain recovery?
Social support is crucial for brain recovery. Strong social connections provide a sense of belonging and purpose, which can help boost dopamine levels and reduce feelings of isolation. Support groups, family therapy, and individual counseling can all provide valuable social support.
What is the ASAM Criteria?
The American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM) Criteria is a comprehensive set of guidelines used to assess the severity of addiction and determine the appropriate level of care. It considers six dimensions: intoxication and withdrawal, biomedical conditions and complications, psychological conditions, readiness to change, relapse potential, and recovery environment. Understanding these dimensions can help tailor treatment to meet the individual’s specific needs.
Clinical Disclosure & Scope of Practice
To ensure the highest level of ethical care in Reno, Nevada, please review the following professional guidelines regarding our services and your privacy.
1. Scope of Guidance
Information provided is for educational purposes. Clinical assessments are required to establish a doctor-patient relationship and personalized treatment plans.
2. Mandatory Reporting
Per Nevada law (NRS 432B), clinicians are mandatory reporters. Confidentiality is maintained except in cases of immediate harm to self, others, or vulnerable populations.
3. Medical Necessity
We provide behavioral health counseling. We do not provide medical detox; clients at risk of acute withdrawal will be referred to a medical facility for stabilization.
Licensure Note: All services are provided by providers licensed through the Nevada State Board of Examiners for Alcohol, Drug and Gambling Counselors.